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BASIC DEFINATIONS 

specimen:

  1. an individual animal, plant, piece of a mineral, etc. used as an example of its species or type for scientific study or display.
    "specimens of copper ore"
    • an example of something regarded as typical of its class or group.
      "a specimen paper of the new test"
    • a sample for medical testing, especially of urine.

  2. informal
    used to refer humorously to a person or animal.
    "Carla could not help feeling a degree of reluctant admiration for this odd female specimen"

electrode :
a conductor through which electricity enters or leaves an object, substance, or region 
 

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LOSS OF CHARGE METHOD

 Current-time characteristic of the discharge current is obtained by placing the switch B in position 2. The slope of these current time characteristic gives the time constant τ = CR, where      C is the capacitance of the specimen. The volume resistance of the specimen R can thus be obtained from the relationship by measuring τ and C. Alternatively, a capacitance previously charged (C1) may be discharged through the specimen by inserting it in place of the battery E. By knowing the value of the capacitance C1 which is very large compared to the specimen capacitance (≈10 μF) and knowing the current-time characteristic of the discharge current, its time constant can be calculated. Hence, the resistance of the specimen is obtained from the relationship        𝑅=𝜏/𝐶1 where C1 – capacitance used τ – time constant. If initial voltage V0 on the capacitor is measured and the voltage V across it at any time τ Then the unknown resistance R can be calcul...
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PARTIAL DISCHARGE REPRESENTATION:

                          The weak points in an insulation like voids, cracks, and other imperfections lead to internal or discharges in the insulation and as they are small, were not revealed in capacitance measurements but revealed as power loss components, contributing for an increase in the dissipation factor                                 ‘PARTIAL DISCHARGES’ in a course of time reduces the strength of insulation leading to a total or partial failure or breakdown of the insulation Consider           Ca as capacitor with a void inside the insulation. Capacitance of the void is represented by a capacitor in series with the rest of the insulation capacitance (Cb). The remaining void-free material is represented by the capacitance Cc When the voltage across the capacitor is raised, a critical value is reached acr...
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